{"id":3858,"date":"2026-05-19T12:42:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T12:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/?post_type=journal_article&#038;p=3858"},"modified":"2026-05-19T12:42:01","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T12:42:01","slug":"relationship-between-labour-casualization-and-employee-commitment-among-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-south-east-nigeria","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/journal_article\/relationship-between-labour-casualization-and-employee-commitment-among-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-south-east-nigeria\/","title":{"rendered":"Relationship Between Labour Casualization and Employee Commitment Among Selected Deposit Money Banks in South East Nigeria"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Nwabundo, Kelvin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><em>The study examined the relationship between labour casualization and employee commitment among selected deposit money banks in South East Nigeria. Specific objectives include: to study the extent a zero-hour contract affects employee\u2019s fear of job loss commitment in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria and to assess how on-call shifts affect employee loyalty in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria. The population for the study included eleven thousand six hundred and seventy-two (11,672) employees. The sample size of 1186 was drawn using Freund and William\u2019s formula at 3 percent error margin. A survey design was adopted for the study. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire and interviews. A total of one thousand one hundred and eighty-six copies of questionnaire were distributed while nine hundred and nine (909) copies were returned. Z-test was used to test the hypotheses and determine the nature and strength of the research variables. The findings indicated that a zero-hour contract had positive and significant effect on employee\u2019s fear of job loss in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria, Z(96, n = 909) = 6.225 &lt; 9.843, p &gt; 0.03. Also, on-call shifts had positive effect on employee\u2019s loyalty in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria, Z(96, n = 909) = 5.864 &lt; 7.463, p &gt; 0.03. The study concluded that a zero-hour contract and on-call shifts had significant effect on employee\u2019s fear of job loss and employee\u2019s loyalty. The study recommended, among others, that casualization of labour should be legislated against in the Nigerian banking industry to boost commitment of workers in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Keywords:&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><em>Labour casualization, Employee commitment, Deposit money banks, Zero-hour contract, Employee loyalty<strong>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Cite<\/em><\/strong><em>: <\/em>Nwabundo, K. (2026). Relationship Between Labour Casualization and Employee Commitment Among Selected Deposit Money Banks in South East Nigeria.<em> Global Journal of Business Management and Leadership, 4<\/em>(3), 130-149. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.20283789\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.20283789<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/05\/GJBML_43130-149.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of GJBML_43,130-149.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-ebc372ea-5a7f-49d4-a03d-f22b519fd044\" href=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/05\/GJBML_43130-149.pdf\">GJBML_43,130-149<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/05\/GJBML_43130-149.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-ebc372ea-5a7f-49d4-a03d-f22b519fd044\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"template":"","journal_article_cats":[239],"class_list":["post-3858","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry","journal_article_cat-vol-4-no-3"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v26.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Relationship Between Labour Casualization and Employee Commitment Among Selected Deposit Money Banks in South East Nigeria - Global Journal of Business Management and Leadership (GJBML)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The study examined the relationship between labour casualization and employee commitment among selected deposit money banks in South East Nigeria. Specific objectives include: to study the extent a zero-hour contract affects employee\u2019s fear of job loss commitment in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria and to assess how on-call shifts affect employee loyalty in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria. The population for the study included eleven thousand six hundred and seventy-two (11,672) employees. The sample size of 1186 was drawn using Freund and William\u2019s formula at 3 percent error margin. A survey design was adopted for the study. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire and interviews. A total of one thousand one hundred and eighty-six copies of questionnaire were distributed while nine hundred and nine (909) copies were returned. Z-test was used to test the hypotheses and determine the nature and strength of the research variables. The findings indicated that a zero-hour contract had positive and significant effect on employee\u2019s fear of job loss in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria, Z(96, n = 909) = 6.225 &lt; 9.843, p &gt; 0.03. Also, on-call shifts had positive effect on employee\u2019s loyalty in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria, Z(96, n = 909) = 5.864 &lt; 7.463, p &gt; 0.03. The study concluded that a zero-hour contract and on-call shifts had significant effect on employee\u2019s fear of job loss and employee\u2019s loyalty. The study recommended, among others, that casualization of labour should be legislated against in the Nigerian banking industry to boost commitment of workers in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/journal_article\/relationship-between-labour-casualization-and-employee-commitment-among-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-south-east-nigeria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Relationship Between Labour Casualization and Employee Commitment Among Selected Deposit Money Banks in South East Nigeria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The study examined the relationship between labour casualization and employee commitment among selected deposit money banks in South East Nigeria. Specific objectives include: to study the extent a zero-hour contract affects employee\u2019s fear of job loss commitment in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria and to assess how on-call shifts affect employee loyalty in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria. The population for the study included eleven thousand six hundred and seventy-two (11,672) employees. The sample size of 1186 was drawn using Freund and William\u2019s formula at 3 percent error margin. A survey design was adopted for the study. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire and interviews. A total of one thousand one hundred and eighty-six copies of questionnaire were distributed while nine hundred and nine (909) copies were returned. Z-test was used to test the hypotheses and determine the nature and strength of the research variables. The findings indicated that a zero-hour contract had positive and significant effect on employee\u2019s fear of job loss in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria, Z(96, n = 909) = 6.225 &lt; 9.843, p &gt; 0.03. Also, on-call shifts had positive effect on employee\u2019s loyalty in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria, Z(96, n = 909) = 5.864 &lt; 7.463, p &gt; 0.03. The study concluded that a zero-hour contract and on-call shifts had significant effect on employee\u2019s fear of job loss and employee\u2019s loyalty. The study recommended, among others, that casualization of labour should be legislated against in the Nigerian banking industry to boost commitment of workers in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/journal_article\/relationship-between-labour-casualization-and-employee-commitment-among-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-south-east-nigeria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Global Journal of Business Management and Leadership (GJBML)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-19T12:42:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/journal_article\/relationship-between-labour-casualization-and-employee-commitment-among-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-south-east-nigeria\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/journal_article\/relationship-between-labour-casualization-and-employee-commitment-among-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-south-east-nigeria\/\",\"name\":\"Relationship Between Labour Casualization and Employee Commitment Among Selected Deposit Money Banks in South East Nigeria - Global Journal of Business Management and Leadership (GJBML)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-19T12:42:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-19T12:42:01+00:00\",\"description\":\"The study examined the relationship between labour casualization and employee commitment among selected deposit money banks in South East Nigeria. Specific objectives include: to study the extent a zero-hour contract affects employee\u2019s fear of job loss commitment in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria and to assess how on-call shifts affect employee loyalty in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria. The population for the study included eleven thousand six hundred and seventy-two (11,672) employees. The sample size of 1186 was drawn using Freund and William\u2019s formula at 3 percent error margin. A survey design was adopted for the study. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire and interviews. A total of one thousand one hundred and eighty-six copies of questionnaire were distributed while nine hundred and nine (909) copies were returned. Z-test was used to test the hypotheses and determine the nature and strength of the research variables. The findings indicated that a zero-hour contract had positive and significant effect on employee\u2019s fear of job loss in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria, Z(96, n = 909) = 6.225 < 9.843, p > 0.03. Also, on-call shifts had positive effect on employee\u2019s loyalty in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria, Z(96, n = 909) = 5.864 < 7.463, p > 0.03. The study concluded that a zero-hour contract and on-call shifts had significant effect on employee\u2019s fear of job loss and employee\u2019s loyalty. The study recommended, among others, that casualization of labour should be legislated against in the Nigerian banking industry to boost commitment of workers in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/journal_article\/relationship-between-labour-casualization-and-employee-commitment-among-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-south-east-nigeria\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/journal_article\/relationship-between-labour-casualization-and-employee-commitment-among-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-south-east-nigeria\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/journal_article\/relationship-between-labour-casualization-and-employee-commitment-among-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-south-east-nigeria\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Relationship Between Labour Casualization and Employee Commitment Among Selected Deposit Money Banks in South East Nigeria\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/\",\"name\":\"Global Journal of Business Management and Leadership (GJBML)\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Relationship Between Labour Casualization and Employee Commitment Among Selected Deposit Money Banks in South East Nigeria - Global Journal of Business Management and Leadership (GJBML)","description":"The study examined the relationship between labour casualization and employee commitment among selected deposit money banks in South East Nigeria. Specific objectives include: to study the extent a zero-hour contract affects employee\u2019s fear of job loss commitment in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria and to assess how on-call shifts affect employee loyalty in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria. The population for the study included eleven thousand six hundred and seventy-two (11,672) employees. The sample size of 1186 was drawn using Freund and William\u2019s formula at 3 percent error margin. A survey design was adopted for the study. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire and interviews. A total of one thousand one hundred and eighty-six copies of questionnaire were distributed while nine hundred and nine (909) copies were returned. Z-test was used to test the hypotheses and determine the nature and strength of the research variables. The findings indicated that a zero-hour contract had positive and significant effect on employee\u2019s fear of job loss in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria, Z(96, n = 909) = 6.225 < 9.843, p > 0.03. Also, on-call shifts had positive effect on employee\u2019s loyalty in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria, Z(96, n = 909) = 5.864 < 7.463, p > 0.03. The study concluded that a zero-hour contract and on-call shifts had significant effect on employee\u2019s fear of job loss and employee\u2019s loyalty. 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Specific objectives include: to study the extent a zero-hour contract affects employee\u2019s fear of job loss commitment in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria and to assess how on-call shifts affect employee loyalty in deposit money banks in South East Nigeria. The population for the study included eleven thousand six hundred and seventy-two (11,672) employees. The sample size of 1186 was drawn using Freund and William\u2019s formula at 3 percent error margin. A survey design was adopted for the study. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire and interviews. A total of one thousand one hundred and eighty-six copies of questionnaire were distributed while nine hundred and nine (909) copies were returned. Z-test was used to test the hypotheses and determine the nature and strength of the research variables. 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