{"id":3931,"date":"2026-10-18T17:44:20","date_gmt":"2026-10-18T17:44:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/?post_type=journal_article&#038;p=3931"},"modified":"2026-10-18T17:44:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-18T17:44:21","slug":"green-supply-chain-management-and-economic-sustainability-of-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-enugu-state-nigeria","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/journal_article\/green-supply-chain-management-and-economic-sustainability-of-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-enugu-state-nigeria\/","title":{"rendered":"Green Supply Chain Management and Economic Sustainability of Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Enugu State, Nigeria"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ikeri, Chisom Kelvin<sup> 1<\/sup>, Chukwu, Chima Chima<sup>2<\/sup> &amp; Udeh, Ifeyinwa Ebere, Ph.D.<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><em>The study evaluated the effect of green supply chain management on the economic sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of green production on cost efficiency and assess the effect of green logistics on the revenue growth of SMEs in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires. The study population comprised 3,740 staff members. A sample size of 345 was determined using Freund and William\u2019s statistical formula. Of the questionnaires distributed, 251 were returned and correctly completed. The validity of the research instrument was assessed using content analysis, and the result was satisfactory. The reliability of the instrument was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.82, indicating good reliability. Data were presented and analysed using mean scores and standard deviations based on the four-point Likert scale. The hypotheses were tested using the Z-test statistic. The findings revealed that green production had a significant positive effect on the cost efficiency of SMEs in Enugu State, Nigeria (Z = 9.673, p &lt; .05), while green logistics had a significant positive effect on the revenue growth of SMEs in the state (Z = 9.799, p &lt; .05). The study concluded that green supply chain management plays an important role in promoting the economic sustainability of SMEs in Enugu State, Nigeria. Among other recommendations, the study recommended that SME owners and managers in Enugu State should adopt environmentally friendly production techniques, including the use of energy-efficient equipment, waste minimisation, and the efficient use of raw materials, to reduce production costs and improve cost efficiency<\/em><em>.<\/em><em><\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Keywords: <\/em><\/strong><em>Green supply chain, cost efficiency, economic sustainability, green production, green logistics, revenue growth.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Cite<\/em><\/strong><em>: <\/em>Ikeri, C. K., Chukwu, C. C. &amp; Udeh, I. E. (2026). Green Supply Chain Management and Economic Sustainability of Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Enugu State, Nigeria<em>. Global Journal of Business Management and Leadership,4 (4), 250 -268.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.23456419\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.23456419<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/10\/GJBML_44-250-268.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of GJBML_44, 250-268.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-be41942e-c55e-47ed-9cea-2ac9e109d582\" href=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/10\/GJBML_44-250-268.pdf\">GJBML_44, 250-268<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2026\/10\/GJBML_44-250-268.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-be41942e-c55e-47ed-9cea-2ac9e109d582\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"template":"","journal_article_cats":[243],"class_list":["post-3931","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry","journal_article_cat-vol-4-no-4"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Green Supply Chain Management and Economic Sustainability of Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Enugu State, Nigeria - Global Journal of Business Management and Leadership (GJBML)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The study evaluated the effect of green supply chain management on the economic sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of green production on cost efficiency and assess the effect of green logistics on the revenue growth of SMEs in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires. The study population comprised 3,740 staff members. A sample size of 345 was determined using Freund and William\u2019s statistical formula. Of the questionnaires distributed, 251 were returned and correctly completed. The validity of the research instrument was assessed using content analysis, and the result was satisfactory. The reliability of the instrument was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.82, indicating good reliability. Data were presented and analysed using mean scores and standard deviations based on the four-point Likert scale. The hypotheses were tested using the Z-test statistic. The findings revealed that green production had a significant positive effect on the cost efficiency of SMEs in Enugu State, Nigeria (Z = 9.673, p &lt; .05), while green logistics had a significant positive effect on the revenue growth of SMEs in the state (Z = 9.799, p &lt; .05). The study concluded that green supply chain management plays an important role in promoting the economic sustainability of SMEs in Enugu State, Nigeria. Among other recommendations, the study recommended that SME owners and managers in Enugu State should adopt environmentally friendly production techniques, including the use of energy-efficient equipment, waste minimisation, and the efficient use of raw materials, to reduce production costs and improve cost efficiency.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/journal_article\/green-supply-chain-management-and-economic-sustainability-of-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-enugu-state-nigeria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Green Supply Chain Management and Economic Sustainability of Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Enugu State, Nigeria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The study evaluated the effect of green supply chain management on the economic sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of green production on cost efficiency and assess the effect of green logistics on the revenue growth of SMEs in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires. The study population comprised 3,740 staff members. A sample size of 345 was determined using Freund and William\u2019s statistical formula. Of the questionnaires distributed, 251 were returned and correctly completed. The validity of the research instrument was assessed using content analysis, and the result was satisfactory. The reliability of the instrument was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.82, indicating good reliability. Data were presented and analysed using mean scores and standard deviations based on the four-point Likert scale. The hypotheses were tested using the Z-test statistic. The findings revealed that green production had a significant positive effect on the cost efficiency of SMEs in Enugu State, Nigeria (Z = 9.673, p &lt; .05), while green logistics had a significant positive effect on the revenue growth of SMEs in the state (Z = 9.799, p &lt; .05). The study concluded that green supply chain management plays an important role in promoting the economic sustainability of SMEs in Enugu State, Nigeria. Among other recommendations, the study recommended that SME owners and managers in Enugu State should adopt environmentally friendly production techniques, including the use of energy-efficient equipment, waste minimisation, and the efficient use of raw materials, to reduce production costs and improve cost efficiency.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/gjbml\/journal_article\/green-supply-chain-management-and-economic-sustainability-of-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-enugu-state-nigeria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Global Journal of Business Management and Leadership (GJBML)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-18T17:44:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/gjbml\\\/journal_article\\\/green-supply-chain-management-and-economic-sustainability-of-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-enugu-state-nigeria\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/gjbml\\\/journal_article\\\/green-supply-chain-management-and-economic-sustainability-of-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-enugu-state-nigeria\\\/\",\"name\":\"Green Supply Chain Management and Economic Sustainability of Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Enugu State, Nigeria - Global Journal of Business Management and Leadership (GJBML)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/gjbml\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-18T17:44:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-18T17:44:21+00:00\",\"description\":\"The study evaluated the effect of green supply chain management on the economic sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of green production on cost efficiency and assess the effect of green logistics on the revenue growth of SMEs in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires. The study population comprised 3,740 staff members. A sample size of 345 was determined using Freund and William\u2019s statistical formula. Of the questionnaires distributed, 251 were returned and correctly completed. The validity of the research instrument was assessed using content analysis, and the result was satisfactory. The reliability of the instrument was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.82, indicating good reliability. Data were presented and analysed using mean scores and standard deviations based on the four-point Likert scale. The hypotheses were tested using the Z-test statistic. The findings revealed that green production had a significant positive effect on the cost efficiency of SMEs in Enugu State, Nigeria (Z = 9.673, p &lt; .05), while green logistics had a significant positive effect on the revenue growth of SMEs in the state (Z = 9.799, p &lt; .05). The study concluded that green supply chain management plays an important role in promoting the economic sustainability of SMEs in Enugu State, Nigeria. Among other recommendations, the study recommended that SME owners and managers in Enugu State should adopt environmentally friendly production techniques, including the use of energy-efficient equipment, waste minimisation, and the efficient use of raw materials, to reduce production costs and improve cost efficiency.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/gjbml\\\/journal_article\\\/green-supply-chain-management-and-economic-sustainability-of-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-enugu-state-nigeria\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/gjbml\\\/journal_article\\\/green-supply-chain-management-and-economic-sustainability-of-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-enugu-state-nigeria\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/gjbml\\\/journal_article\\\/green-supply-chain-management-and-economic-sustainability-of-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-enugu-state-nigeria\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/gjbml\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Green Supply Chain Management and Economic Sustainability of Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Enugu State, Nigeria\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/gjbml\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/gjbml\\\/\",\"name\":\"Global Journal of Business Management and Leadership (GJBML)\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/gjbml\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Green Supply Chain Management and Economic Sustainability of Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Enugu State, Nigeria - Global Journal of Business Management and Leadership (GJBML)","description":"The study evaluated the effect of green supply chain management on the economic sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Enugu State, Nigeria. 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