{"id":3835,"date":"2026-05-19T11:57:47","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T11:57:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/?post_type=journal_article&#038;p=3835"},"modified":"2026-05-19T11:57:48","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T11:57:48","slug":"digital-supply-chain-integration-and-cost-efficiency-in-pharmaceutical-firms-in-enugu-state-nigeria","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/journal_article\/digital-supply-chain-integration-and-cost-efficiency-in-pharmaceutical-firms-in-enugu-state-nigeria\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital Supply-Chain Integration and Cost Efficiency in Pharmaceutical Firms in Enugu State, Nigeria"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Mbah, Paulinus Chigozie, Ph.D.<sup>1<\/sup>, Nduka, Okwuchi Gospel, Ph.D.<sup> 2<\/sup>, Aluu, Donald Oko, Ph.D.<sup> 3<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><em>The study examined digital supply-chain integration and cost efficiency in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: examine the relationship between digital supplier integration and waste reduction, and assess the relationship between digital inventory management systems and operational cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study was based on four (4) selected pharmaceutical firms within Enugu metropolis with a high number of staff and long years of establishment. The total population for the study was nine hundred and thirty-eight (938). An adequate sample size of two hundred and eighty-four (284) was determined using Freund and William\u2019s statistical formula at a 5 percent margin of error. Two hundred and sixty-four (264) staff members returned the questionnaire and completed it accurately. A survey research design was adopted for the study. Data were presented and analyzed using mean scores, while the Z-test was used to test the hypotheses with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings indicated that digital supplier integration had a significant positive relationship with waste reduction (Z = 10.032, P = 0.05), and digital inventory management systems had a significant positive relationship with operational cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria (Z = 9.724, P = 0.05). The study concluded that digital supplier integration and digital inventory management systems had significant positive relationships with waste reduction and cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study recommended, among other things, that pharmaceutical firms in Enugu should invest in and strengthen digital supplier integration systems to enhance real-time information sharing and collaboration with suppliers.<\/em><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Keywords:<\/em><\/strong><em> Digital Supply-Chain Integration, Cost Efficiency, Digital supplier integration, Waste reduction, Digital inventory management systems, Operational cost reduction.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Cite<\/em><\/strong><em>: <\/em>Mbah, P. C.,&nbsp; Nduka, O. G., &amp; Aluu, D. O. (2026). Digital Supply-Chain Integration and Cost Efficiency in Pharmaceutical Firms in Enugu State, Nigeria.<em> International Journal of Consumer Behaviour and Strategic Marketing,<strong> 4<\/strong><\/em>(3), 80-102<em>. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.20261260\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.20261260<\/a> <em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2026\/05\/IJCBSM_4380-102.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of IJCBSM_43,80-102.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-acea7d0f-6639-4d03-9692-57bac5c24868\" href=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2026\/05\/IJCBSM_4380-102.pdf\">IJCBSM_43,80-102<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2026\/05\/IJCBSM_4380-102.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-acea7d0f-6639-4d03-9692-57bac5c24868\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"template":"","journal_article_cats":[238],"class_list":["post-3835","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry","journal_article_cat-vol-4-no-3"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v26.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Digital Supply-Chain Integration and Cost Efficiency in Pharmaceutical Firms in Enugu State, Nigeria - International Journal of Consumer Behaviour and Strategic Marketing (IJCBSM)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The study examined digital supply-chain integration and cost efficiency in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: examine the relationship between digital supplier integration and waste reduction, and assess the relationship between digital inventory management systems and operational cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study was based on four (4) selected pharmaceutical firms within Enugu metropolis with a high number of staff and long years of establishment. The total population for the study was nine hundred and thirty-eight (938). An adequate sample size of two hundred and eighty-four (284) was determined using Freund and William\u2019s statistical formula at a 5 percent margin of error. Two hundred and sixty-four (264) staff members returned the questionnaire and completed it accurately. A survey research design was adopted for the study. Data were presented and analyzed using mean scores, while the Z-test was used to test the hypotheses with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings indicated that digital supplier integration had a significant positive relationship with waste reduction (Z = 10.032, P = 0.05), and digital inventory management systems had a significant positive relationship with operational cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria (Z = 9.724, P = 0.05). The study concluded that digital supplier integration and digital inventory management systems had significant positive relationships with waste reduction and cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study recommended, among other things, that pharmaceutical firms in Enugu should invest in and strengthen digital supplier integration systems to enhance real-time information sharing and collaboration with suppliers.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/journal_article\/digital-supply-chain-integration-and-cost-efficiency-in-pharmaceutical-firms-in-enugu-state-nigeria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Digital Supply-Chain Integration and Cost Efficiency in Pharmaceutical Firms in Enugu State, Nigeria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The study examined digital supply-chain integration and cost efficiency in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: examine the relationship between digital supplier integration and waste reduction, and assess the relationship between digital inventory management systems and operational cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study was based on four (4) selected pharmaceutical firms within Enugu metropolis with a high number of staff and long years of establishment. The total population for the study was nine hundred and thirty-eight (938). An adequate sample size of two hundred and eighty-four (284) was determined using Freund and William\u2019s statistical formula at a 5 percent margin of error. Two hundred and sixty-four (264) staff members returned the questionnaire and completed it accurately. A survey research design was adopted for the study. Data were presented and analyzed using mean scores, while the Z-test was used to test the hypotheses with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings indicated that digital supplier integration had a significant positive relationship with waste reduction (Z = 10.032, P = 0.05), and digital inventory management systems had a significant positive relationship with operational cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria (Z = 9.724, P = 0.05). The study concluded that digital supplier integration and digital inventory management systems had significant positive relationships with waste reduction and cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study recommended, among other things, that pharmaceutical firms in Enugu should invest in and strengthen digital supplier integration systems to enhance real-time information sharing and collaboration with suppliers.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/journal_article\/digital-supply-chain-integration-and-cost-efficiency-in-pharmaceutical-firms-in-enugu-state-nigeria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"International Journal of Consumer Behaviour and Strategic Marketing (IJCBSM)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-19T11:57:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/journal_article\/digital-supply-chain-integration-and-cost-efficiency-in-pharmaceutical-firms-in-enugu-state-nigeria\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/journal_article\/digital-supply-chain-integration-and-cost-efficiency-in-pharmaceutical-firms-in-enugu-state-nigeria\/\",\"name\":\"Digital Supply-Chain Integration and Cost Efficiency in Pharmaceutical Firms in Enugu State, Nigeria - International Journal of Consumer Behaviour and Strategic Marketing (IJCBSM)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-19T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-19T11:57:48+00:00\",\"description\":\"The study examined digital supply-chain integration and cost efficiency in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: examine the relationship between digital supplier integration and waste reduction, and assess the relationship between digital inventory management systems and operational cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study was based on four (4) selected pharmaceutical firms within Enugu metropolis with a high number of staff and long years of establishment. The total population for the study was nine hundred and thirty-eight (938). An adequate sample size of two hundred and eighty-four (284) was determined using Freund and William\u2019s statistical formula at a 5 percent margin of error. Two hundred and sixty-four (264) staff members returned the questionnaire and completed it accurately. A survey research design was adopted for the study. Data were presented and analyzed using mean scores, while the Z-test was used to test the hypotheses with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings indicated that digital supplier integration had a significant positive relationship with waste reduction (Z = 10.032, P = 0.05), and digital inventory management systems had a significant positive relationship with operational cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria (Z = 9.724, P = 0.05). The study concluded that digital supplier integration and digital inventory management systems had significant positive relationships with waste reduction and cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study recommended, among other things, that pharmaceutical firms in Enugu should invest in and strengthen digital supplier integration systems to enhance real-time information sharing and collaboration with suppliers.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/journal_article\/digital-supply-chain-integration-and-cost-efficiency-in-pharmaceutical-firms-in-enugu-state-nigeria\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/journal_article\/digital-supply-chain-integration-and-cost-efficiency-in-pharmaceutical-firms-in-enugu-state-nigeria\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/journal_article\/digital-supply-chain-integration-and-cost-efficiency-in-pharmaceutical-firms-in-enugu-state-nigeria\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Digital Supply-Chain Integration and Cost Efficiency in Pharmaceutical Firms in Enugu State, Nigeria\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/\",\"name\":\"International Journal of Consumer Behaviour and Strategic Marketing (IJCBSM)\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Digital Supply-Chain Integration and Cost Efficiency in Pharmaceutical Firms in Enugu State, Nigeria - International Journal of Consumer Behaviour and Strategic Marketing (IJCBSM)","description":"The study examined digital supply-chain integration and cost efficiency in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: examine the relationship between digital supplier integration and waste reduction, and assess the relationship between digital inventory management systems and operational cost reduction in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study was based on four (4) selected pharmaceutical firms within Enugu metropolis with a high number of staff and long years of establishment. The total population for the study was nine hundred and thirty-eight (938). An adequate sample size of two hundred and eighty-four (284) was determined using Freund and William\u2019s statistical formula at a 5 percent margin of error. Two hundred and sixty-four (264) staff members returned the questionnaire and completed it accurately. A survey research design was adopted for the study. Data were presented and analyzed using mean scores, while the Z-test was used to test the hypotheses with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). 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The study recommended, among other things, that pharmaceutical firms in Enugu should invest in and strengthen digital supplier integration systems to enhance real-time information sharing and collaboration with suppliers.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcbsm\/journal_article\/digital-supply-chain-integration-and-cost-efficiency-in-pharmaceutical-firms-in-enugu-state-nigeria\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Digital Supply-Chain Integration and Cost Efficiency in Pharmaceutical Firms in Enugu State, Nigeria","og_description":"The study examined digital supply-chain integration and cost efficiency in pharmaceutical firms in Enugu State, Nigeria. 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