{"id":3892,"date":"2026-10-19T10:28:51","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T10:28:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcmm\/?post_type=journal_article&#038;p=3892"},"modified":"2026-10-19T10:28:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T10:28:52","slug":"human-resource-management-practice-and-organizational-performanceof-food-and-beverage-manufacturing-firms-in-enugu-state","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcmm\/journal_article\/human-resource-management-practice-and-organizational-performanceof-food-and-beverage-manufacturing-firms-in-enugu-state\/","title":{"rendered":"Human Resource Management Practice and Organizational Performanceof Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Enugu State"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ukwani, Rachael<sup>1 <\/sup>\u00a0&amp; Prof. Elizabeth. U. Okechukwu<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><em>The study evaluated human resource management practices and organizational performance in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The specific objectives were to examine the relationship between recruitment and customer retention and to evaluate the relationship between training and operational costs in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprised 240 selected senior staff members of the study organisations. The entire population was used due to its small size. Two hundred and thirty-two (232) employees returned the questionnaires, which were accurately completed. Data were presented and analyzed using mean scores and standard deviations based on a Likert scale. The hypotheses were tested using the Z-test statistic. The findings of the study showed that recruitment had a significant positive relationship with customer retention, Z = 8.469, p &gt; 0.05, and that training had a significant positive relationship with operational costs in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State, Z = 10.111, p &gt; 0.05. The study concluded that recruitment and training had significant positive relationships with customer retention and operational costs, respectively, in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The study recommended, among other things, that food and beverage manufacturing firms should implement strategic recruitment practices that focus on hiring candidates with strong customer service orientation, communication skills, and an understanding of consumer preferences<\/em><em><\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Keywords:<\/em><\/strong><em> Human Resource Management Practices, Organizational Performance, Recruitment, Customer Retention, Employee Training, Operational Costs, Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms, Enugu State.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Cite<\/em><\/strong><em>: <\/em>Ukwani, R.\u00a0&amp; Okechukwu, E. U. (2026). Human Resource Management Practice and Organizational Performanceof Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Enugu State.<em> International Journal of Contemporary Marketing and Management,4 (3), 33-55. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.22767745\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.23470942<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcmm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2026\/10\/IJCMM_43-33-55.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of IJCMM_43, 33-55.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-8ececac1-1e41-4ca3-837e-f383510fae70\" href=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcmm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2026\/10\/IJCMM_43-33-55.pdf\">IJCMM_43, 33-55<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcmm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2026\/10\/IJCMM_43-33-55.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-8ececac1-1e41-4ca3-837e-f383510fae70\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"template":"","journal_article_cats":[242],"class_list":["post-3892","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry","journal_article_cat-vol-4-no-3"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Human Resource Management Practice and Organizational Performanceof Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Enugu State - International Journal of Contemporary Marketing and Management (IJCMM)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The study evaluated human resource management practices and organizational performance in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The specific objectives were to examine the relationship between recruitment and customer retention and to evaluate the relationship between training and operational costs in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprised 240 selected senior staff members of the study organisations. The entire population was used due to its small size. Two hundred and thirty-two (232) employees returned the questionnaires, which were accurately completed. Data were presented and analyzed using mean scores and standard deviations based on a Likert scale. The hypotheses were tested using the Z-test statistic. The findings of the study showed that recruitment had a significant positive relationship with customer retention, Z = 8.469, p &gt; 0.05, and that training had a significant positive relationship with operational costs in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State, Z = 10.111, p &gt; 0.05. The study concluded that recruitment and training had significant positive relationships with customer retention and operational costs, respectively, in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The study recommended, among other things, that food and beverage manufacturing firms should implement strategic recruitment practices that focus on hiring candidates with strong customer service orientation, communication skills, and an understanding of consumer preferences\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcmm\/journal_article\/human-resource-management-practice-and-organizational-performanceof-food-and-beverage-manufacturing-firms-in-enugu-state\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Human Resource Management Practice and Organizational Performanceof Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Enugu State\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The study evaluated human resource management practices and organizational performance in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The specific objectives were to examine the relationship between recruitment and customer retention and to evaluate the relationship between training and operational costs in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprised 240 selected senior staff members of the study organisations. The entire population was used due to its small size. Two hundred and thirty-two (232) employees returned the questionnaires, which were accurately completed. Data were presented and analyzed using mean scores and standard deviations based on a Likert scale. The hypotheses were tested using the Z-test statistic. The findings of the study showed that recruitment had a significant positive relationship with customer retention, Z = 8.469, p &gt; 0.05, and that training had a significant positive relationship with operational costs in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State, Z = 10.111, p &gt; 0.05. The study concluded that recruitment and training had significant positive relationships with customer retention and operational costs, respectively, in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The study recommended, among other things, that food and beverage manufacturing firms should implement strategic recruitment practices that focus on hiring candidates with strong customer service orientation, communication skills, and an understanding of consumer preferences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijcmm\/journal_article\/human-resource-management-practice-and-organizational-performanceof-food-and-beverage-manufacturing-firms-in-enugu-state\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"International Journal of Contemporary Marketing and Management (IJCMM)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-19T10:28:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/ijcmm\\\/journal_article\\\/human-resource-management-practice-and-organizational-performanceof-food-and-beverage-manufacturing-firms-in-enugu-state\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/ijcmm\\\/journal_article\\\/human-resource-management-practice-and-organizational-performanceof-food-and-beverage-manufacturing-firms-in-enugu-state\\\/\",\"name\":\"Human Resource Management Practice and Organizational Performanceof Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Enugu State - International Journal of Contemporary Marketing and Management (IJCMM)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/ijcmm\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-19T10:28:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-19T10:28:52+00:00\",\"description\":\"The study evaluated human resource management practices and organizational performance in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The specific objectives were to examine the relationship between recruitment and customer retention and to evaluate the relationship between training and operational costs in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprised 240 selected senior staff members of the study organisations. The entire population was used due to its small size. Two hundred and thirty-two (232) employees returned the questionnaires, which were accurately completed. Data were presented and analyzed using mean scores and standard deviations based on a Likert scale. The hypotheses were tested using the Z-test statistic. The findings of the study showed that recruitment had a significant positive relationship with customer retention, Z = 8.469, p > 0.05, and that training had a significant positive relationship with operational costs in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State, Z = 10.111, p > 0.05. The study concluded that recruitment and training had significant positive relationships with customer retention and operational costs, respectively, in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The study recommended, among other things, that food and beverage manufacturing firms should implement strategic recruitment practices that focus on hiring candidates with strong customer service orientation, communication skills, and an understanding of consumer preferences\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/ijcmm\\\/journal_article\\\/human-resource-management-practice-and-organizational-performanceof-food-and-beverage-manufacturing-firms-in-enugu-state\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/ijcmm\\\/journal_article\\\/human-resource-management-practice-and-organizational-performanceof-food-and-beverage-manufacturing-firms-in-enugu-state\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/ijcmm\\\/journal_article\\\/human-resource-management-practice-and-organizational-performanceof-food-and-beverage-manufacturing-firms-in-enugu-state\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/ijcmm\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Human Resource Management Practice and Organizational Performanceof Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Enugu State\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/ijcmm\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/ijcmm\\\/\",\"name\":\"International Journal of Contemporary Marketing and Management (IJCMM)\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/birpub.org\\\/ijcmm\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Human Resource Management Practice and Organizational Performanceof Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Enugu State - International Journal of Contemporary Marketing and Management (IJCMM)","description":"The study evaluated human resource management practices and organizational performance in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. 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The study concluded that recruitment and training had significant positive relationships with customer retention and operational costs, respectively, in food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. 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