{"id":3886,"date":"2026-05-19T12:09:45","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T12:09:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/?post_type=journal_article&p=3886"},"modified":"2026-05-19T12:09:46","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T12:09:46","slug":"evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/","title":{"rendered":"Evaluating The Impact of Cement Waste Recycling On Production Cost in Nigeria Cement Companies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ekpenyong Victor Bassey 1<\/sup> & Prof. G.O. Mbah 2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong>         <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study investigated the impact of cement waste recycling on production cost in Nigerian cement manufacturing companies. Considering the growing need for sustainable industrial practices and cost efficiency in cement production, this study is guided the three objectives; to determine the extent of recycling implementation, assess its effect on raw material usage, and evaluate its role in reducing waste disposal costs. A descriptive survey design was employed, targeting a population of 610 stakeholders from three major cement companies; Dangote Cement Plc, Lafarge Africa Plc, and BUA Cement Plc. Using Krejcie and Morgan\u2019s formula, a sample size of 236 was determined and proportionally distributed across the companies using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed a high level of implementation of cement waste recycling, with a grand mean of 4.27 on 5.0 scale, indicating its integration into routine operations and infrastructure. Regarding raw material cost, the analysis showed that recycling significantly reduced the reliance on virgin inputs, reflected in a grand mean of 4.34. Additionally, the impact on waste disposal costs was marked, with a grand mean of 4.43, affirming that recycling contributed to lower handling and regulatory expenses. Hypothesis testing using one-sample t-tests confirmed that all three null hypotheses were rejected at a 0.05 significance level, providing strong evidence of significant implementation and cost-reducing impacts of recycling practices in the sector. Conclusively, the study established that cement waste recycling is widely implemented and plays a vital role in lowering both raw material and waste disposal costs.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords: <\/em><\/strong>Cement waste recycling, Cost efficiency, Production cost, Raw material usage, Sustainable industrial practices<\/em>Cite:<\/em><\/strong> Ekpenyong V. B.& Mbah G.O. (2026). Evaluating The Impact of Cement Waste Recycling On Production Cost in Nigeria Cement Companies. International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy,4 (5), <\/em>266\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.20262958<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"template":"","journal_article_cats":[237],"class_list":["post-3886","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry","journal_article_cat-vol-4-no-5"],"yoast_head":"\nEvaluating The Impact of Cement Waste Recycling On Production Cost in Nigeria Cement Companies - International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy (IJMFS)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The study investigated the impact of cement waste recycling on production cost in Nigerian cement manufacturing companies. Considering the growing need for sustainable industrial practices and cost efficiency in cement production, this study is guided the three objectives; to determine the extent of recycling implementation, assess its effect on raw material usage, and evaluate its role in reducing waste disposal costs. A descriptive survey design was employed, targeting a population of 610 stakeholders from three major cement companies; Dangote Cement Plc, Lafarge Africa Plc, and BUA Cement Plc. Using Krejcie and Morgan\u2019s formula, a sample size of 236 was determined and proportionally distributed across the companies using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed a high level of implementation of cement waste recycling, with a grand mean of 4.27 on 5.0 scale, indicating its integration into routine operations and infrastructure. Regarding raw material cost, the analysis showed that recycling significantly reduced the reliance on virgin inputs, reflected in a grand mean of 4.34. Additionally, the impact on waste disposal costs was marked, with a grand mean of 4.43, affirming that recycling contributed to lower handling and regulatory expenses. Hypothesis testing using one-sample t-tests confirmed that all three null hypotheses were rejected at a 0.05 significance level, providing strong evidence of significant implementation and cost-reducing impacts of recycling practices in the sector. Conclusively, the study established that cement waste recycling is widely implemented and plays a vital role in lowering both raw material and waste disposal costs.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Evaluating The Impact of Cement Waste Recycling On Production Cost in Nigeria Cement Companies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The study investigated the impact of cement waste recycling on production cost in Nigerian cement manufacturing companies. Considering the growing need for sustainable industrial practices and cost efficiency in cement production, this study is guided the three objectives; to determine the extent of recycling implementation, assess its effect on raw material usage, and evaluate its role in reducing waste disposal costs. A descriptive survey design was employed, targeting a population of 610 stakeholders from three major cement companies; Dangote Cement Plc, Lafarge Africa Plc, and BUA Cement Plc. Using Krejcie and Morgan\u2019s formula, a sample size of 236 was determined and proportionally distributed across the companies using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed a high level of implementation of cement waste recycling, with a grand mean of 4.27 on 5.0 scale, indicating its integration into routine operations and infrastructure. Regarding raw material cost, the analysis showed that recycling significantly reduced the reliance on virgin inputs, reflected in a grand mean of 4.34. Additionally, the impact on waste disposal costs was marked, with a grand mean of 4.43, affirming that recycling contributed to lower handling and regulatory expenses. Hypothesis testing using one-sample t-tests confirmed that all three null hypotheses were rejected at a 0.05 significance level, providing strong evidence of significant implementation and cost-reducing impacts of recycling practices in the sector. Conclusively, the study established that cement waste recycling is widely implemented and plays a vital role in lowering both raw material and waste disposal costs.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy (IJMFS)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-19T12:09:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/11\/IJMFS-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1810\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/\",\"name\":\"Evaluating The Impact of Cement Waste Recycling On Production Cost in Nigeria Cement Companies - International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy (IJMFS)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-19T12:09:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-19T12:09:46+00:00\",\"description\":\"The study investigated the impact of cement waste recycling on production cost in Nigerian cement manufacturing companies. Considering the growing need for sustainable industrial practices and cost efficiency in cement production, this study is guided the three objectives; to determine the extent of recycling implementation, assess its effect on raw material usage, and evaluate its role in reducing waste disposal costs. A descriptive survey design was employed, targeting a population of 610 stakeholders from three major cement companies; Dangote Cement Plc, Lafarge Africa Plc, and BUA Cement Plc. Using Krejcie and Morgan\u2019s formula, a sample size of 236 was determined and proportionally distributed across the companies using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed a high level of implementation of cement waste recycling, with a grand mean of 4.27 on 5.0 scale, indicating its integration into routine operations and infrastructure. Regarding raw material cost, the analysis showed that recycling significantly reduced the reliance on virgin inputs, reflected in a grand mean of 4.34. Additionally, the impact on waste disposal costs was marked, with a grand mean of 4.43, affirming that recycling contributed to lower handling and regulatory expenses. Hypothesis testing using one-sample t-tests confirmed that all three null hypotheses were rejected at a 0.05 significance level, providing strong evidence of significant implementation and cost-reducing impacts of recycling practices in the sector. Conclusively, the study established that cement waste recycling is widely implemented and plays a vital role in lowering both raw material and waste disposal costs.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Evaluating The Impact of Cement Waste Recycling On Production Cost in Nigeria Cement Companies\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/\",\"name\":\"International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy (IJMFS)\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/#organization\",\"name\":\"International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy (IJMFS)\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/11\/IJMFS-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/11\/IJMFS-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":1810,\"height\":2560,\"caption\":\"International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy (IJMFS)\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Evaluating The Impact of Cement Waste Recycling On Production Cost in Nigeria Cement Companies - International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy (IJMFS)","description":"The study investigated the impact of cement waste recycling on production cost in Nigerian cement manufacturing companies. Considering the growing need for sustainable industrial practices and cost efficiency in cement production, this study is guided the three objectives; to determine the extent of recycling implementation, assess its effect on raw material usage, and evaluate its role in reducing waste disposal costs. A descriptive survey design was employed, targeting a population of 610 stakeholders from three major cement companies; Dangote Cement Plc, Lafarge Africa Plc, and BUA Cement Plc. Using Krejcie and Morgan\u2019s formula, a sample size of 236 was determined and proportionally distributed across the companies using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed a high level of implementation of cement waste recycling, with a grand mean of 4.27 on 5.0 scale, indicating its integration into routine operations and infrastructure. Regarding raw material cost, the analysis showed that recycling significantly reduced the reliance on virgin inputs, reflected in a grand mean of 4.34. Additionally, the impact on waste disposal costs was marked, with a grand mean of 4.43, affirming that recycling contributed to lower handling and regulatory expenses. Hypothesis testing using one-sample t-tests confirmed that all three null hypotheses were rejected at a 0.05 significance level, providing strong evidence of significant implementation and cost-reducing impacts of recycling practices in the sector. Conclusively, the study established that cement waste recycling is widely implemented and plays a vital role in lowering both raw material and waste disposal costs.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Evaluating The Impact of Cement Waste Recycling On Production Cost in Nigeria Cement Companies","og_description":"The study investigated the impact of cement waste recycling on production cost in Nigerian cement manufacturing companies. Considering the growing need for sustainable industrial practices and cost efficiency in cement production, this study is guided the three objectives; to determine the extent of recycling implementation, assess its effect on raw material usage, and evaluate its role in reducing waste disposal costs. A descriptive survey design was employed, targeting a population of 610 stakeholders from three major cement companies; Dangote Cement Plc, Lafarge Africa Plc, and BUA Cement Plc. Using Krejcie and Morgan\u2019s formula, a sample size of 236 was determined and proportionally distributed across the companies using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed a high level of implementation of cement waste recycling, with a grand mean of 4.27 on 5.0 scale, indicating its integration into routine operations and infrastructure. Regarding raw material cost, the analysis showed that recycling significantly reduced the reliance on virgin inputs, reflected in a grand mean of 4.34. Additionally, the impact on waste disposal costs was marked, with a grand mean of 4.43, affirming that recycling contributed to lower handling and regulatory expenses. Hypothesis testing using one-sample t-tests confirmed that all three null hypotheses were rejected at a 0.05 significance level, providing strong evidence of significant implementation and cost-reducing impacts of recycling practices in the sector. Conclusively, the study established that cement waste recycling is widely implemented and plays a vital role in lowering both raw material and waste disposal costs.","og_url":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/","og_site_name":"International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy (IJMFS)","article_modified_time":"2026-05-19T12:09:46+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1810,"height":2560,"url":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/11\/IJMFS-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/","url":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/","name":"Evaluating The Impact of Cement Waste Recycling On Production Cost in Nigeria Cement Companies - International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy (IJMFS)","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-05-19T12:09:45+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-19T12:09:46+00:00","description":"The study investigated the impact of cement waste recycling on production cost in Nigerian cement manufacturing companies. Considering the growing need for sustainable industrial practices and cost efficiency in cement production, this study is guided the three objectives; to determine the extent of recycling implementation, assess its effect on raw material usage, and evaluate its role in reducing waste disposal costs. A descriptive survey design was employed, targeting a population of 610 stakeholders from three major cement companies; Dangote Cement Plc, Lafarge Africa Plc, and BUA Cement Plc. Using Krejcie and Morgan\u2019s formula, a sample size of 236 was determined and proportionally distributed across the companies using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed a high level of implementation of cement waste recycling, with a grand mean of 4.27 on 5.0 scale, indicating its integration into routine operations and infrastructure. Regarding raw material cost, the analysis showed that recycling significantly reduced the reliance on virgin inputs, reflected in a grand mean of 4.34. Additionally, the impact on waste disposal costs was marked, with a grand mean of 4.43, affirming that recycling contributed to lower handling and regulatory expenses. Hypothesis testing using one-sample t-tests confirmed that all three null hypotheses were rejected at a 0.05 significance level, providing strong evidence of significant implementation and cost-reducing impacts of recycling practices in the sector. Conclusively, the study established that cement waste recycling is widely implemented and plays a vital role in lowering both raw material and waste disposal costs.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/journal_article\/evaluating-the-impact-of-cement-waste-recycling-on-production-cost-in-nigeria-cement-companies\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Evaluating The Impact of Cement Waste Recycling On Production Cost in Nigeria Cement Companies"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/#website","url":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/","name":"International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy (IJMFS)","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/#organization","name":"International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy (IJMFS)","url":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/11\/IJMFS-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/11\/IJMFS-scaled.jpg","width":1810,"height":2560,"caption":"International Journal of Management Foresight and Strategy (IJMFS)"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article\/3886","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/journal_article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"journal_article_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birpub.org\/ijmfs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article_cats?post=3886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}